Current Insight into Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods in Discovering Ascomycetous Taxa

Author:

Wijayawardene Nalin N.ORCID,Bahram Mohammad,Sánchez-Castro Iván,Dai Dong-Qin,Ariyawansa Kahandawa G. S. U.,Jayalal Udeni,Suwannarach NakarinORCID,Tedersoo Leho

Abstract

Culture techniques are vital in both traditional and modern fungal taxonomy. Establishing sexual–asexual links and synanamorphs, extracting DNA and secondary metabolites are mainly based on cultures. However, it is widely accepted that a large number of species are not sporulating in nature while others cannot be cultured. Recent ecological studies based on culture-independent methods revealed these unculturable taxa, i.e., dark taxa. Recent fungal diversity estimation studies suggested that environmental sequencing plays a vital role in discovering missing species. However, Sanger sequencing is still the main approach in determining DNA sequences in culturable species. In this paper, we summarize culture-based and culture-independent methods in the study of ascomycetous taxa. High-throughput sequencing of leaf endophytes, leaf litter fungi and fungi in aquatic environments is important to determine dark taxa. Nevertheless, currently, naming dark taxa is not recognized by the ICN, thus provisional naming of them is essential as suggested by several studies.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Plant Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics,Microbiology (medical)

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