Squint Mode GEO SAR Imaging Using Bulk Range Walk Correction on Received Signals

Abstract

Geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar (GEO SAR) has the potential for conducting long-term observation of target zones, which is essential for remote sensing applications such as disaster monitoring and vegetation measurements. The squint imaging mode is crucial for long-term observation using GEO SAR. However, this type of SAR imaging is problematic because the squint mode introduces a nonzero range cell walk, which increases the prevalence of invalid data in echoes and intensifies the coupling between the azimuth and range. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel squint mode GEO SAR imaging method based on the correction of the bulk range walk of received signals. Adjusting the starting time of the receiving window significantly reduces the redundancy in echoes. Then, first-order filtering, range cell migration correction, range compression, partial dechirp, and azimuth compression are used to obtain the imaging result. Simulation results for the GEO SAR imaging of Wenchuan County in China demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve a resolution of 5 m within a 30 × 30 km swath over 48% of the orbital period.