Coniferous Biomass for Energy Valorization: A Thermo-Chemical Properties Analysis

Abstract

Forest biomass energy, when utilized responsibly, presents a carbon-neutral and viable alternative to fossil fuels for energy storage. This research investigates the energy potential of various coniferous species, focusing on their complex chemical compositions and suitability for energy production. Key characteristics such as moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, and fixed carbon were analyzed, along with elemental composition (including nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen) and both gross and net heating values across different species. The proximate analysis revealed significant interspecies variations. For example, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Chamaecyparis lawsoniana exhibited the lowest moisture contents. Elemental analyses showed a broad range of values, with Larix decidua having the lowest nitrogen content and Sequoiadendron giganteum the highest carbon content. Gross and net heating values also varied considerably, with Podocarpus macrophyllus showing the lowest values and Pinus strobus the highest. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify underlying patterns, revealing correlations between the analyzed variables and the energy potential of the species. Additionally, PCA combined with cluster analysis allowed for the identification of coherent groups of species with similar characteristics. Overall, these findings highlight the diverse energy valorization potential inherent in coniferous species, underscoring the importance of considering specific chemical compositions for efficient energy production. The insights provided here are valuable for selecting coniferous species for energy valorization, emphasizing the need to consider both chemical composition and calorific potential.