Experimental Study of Biogas–Hydrogen Mixtures Combustion in Conventional Natural Gas Systems

Abstract

Biogas is a renewable gas with low heat energy, which makes it extremely difficult to use as fuel in conventional natural gas equipment. Nonetheless, the use of hydrogen as a biogas additive has proven to have a beneficial effect on flame stability and combustion behavior. This study evaluates the biogas–hydrogen combustion in a conventional natural gas burner able to work up to 100 kW. Tests were performed for three different compositions of biogas: BG70 (30% CO2), BG60 (40% CO2), and BG50 (50% CO2). To achieve better flame stability, each biogas was enriched with hydrogen from 5% to 25%. The difficulty of burning biogas in conventional systems was proven, as the burner does not ignite when the biogas composition contains more than 40% of CO2. The best improvements were obtained at 5% hydrogen composition since the exhaust gas temperature and, thus, the enthalpy, rises by 80% for BG70 and 65% for BG60. The stability map reveals that pure biogas combustion is unstable in BG70 and BG60; when the CO2 content is 50%, ignition is inhibited. The properties change slightly when the hydrogen concentrations are more than 20% in the fuel gas and do not necessarily improve.