A Genome-Wide Association Study of Seed Morphology-Related Traits in Sorghum Mini-Core and Senegalese Lines

Author:

Ahn Ezekiel1ORCID,Park Sunchung1ORCID,Hu Zhenbin2,Ellur Vishnutej3,Cha Minhyeok4ORCID,Lee Yoonjung5,Prom Louis K.6,Magill Clint7ORCID

Affiliation:

1. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA

2. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA

3. Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA

4. Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea

5. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA

6. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA

7. Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA

Abstract

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) ranks fifth as the most crucial cereal crop globally, yet its seed morphology remains relatively unexplored. This study investigated seed morphology in sorghum based on 115 mini-core and 130 Senegalese germplasms. Eight seed morphology traits encompassing size, shape, and color parameters were assessed. Statistical analyses explored potential associations between these traits and resistance to three major sorghum diseases: anthracnose, head smut, and downy mildew. Furthermore, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted using phenotypic data from over 24,000 seeds and over 290,000 publicly available single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through the Genome Association and Prediction Integrated Tool (GAPIT) R package. Significant SNPs associated with various seed morphology traits were identified and mapped onto the reference sorghum genome to identify novel candidate defense genes.

Funder

AFRI

The Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sorghum and Millet

Publisher

MDPI AG

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