Future Agricultural Water Availability in Mediterranean Countries under Climate Change: A Systematic Review

Author:

Claro André M.12ORCID,Fonseca André12ORCID,Fraga Helder12ORCID,Santos João A.12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal

2. Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal

Abstract

Warming and drying trends in the Mediterranean Basin exacerbate regional water scarcity and threaten agricultural production, putting global food security at risk. This study aimed to review the most significant research on future water availability for the Mediterranean agricultural sector under climate change (CC) scenarios published during 2009–2024. Two searches were performed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, to which previously identified significant studies from different periods were also added. By applying a methodology duly protocoled in the PRISMA2020-based guideline, a final number of 44 particularly relevant studies was selected for review. A bibliometric analysis has shown that most of the published research was focused on Southwestern European countries (i.e., Spain, Italy, Portugal) and grapevine and olive tree crops. Overall, the reviewed studies state that future Mediterranean water reserves may not meet agricultural water demands, due to reduced reservoir inflows and higher irrigation demands under future CC and socioeconomic scenarios. Regarding adaptation measures to improve water-use management in agriculture, the majority of the reviewed studies indicate that the use of integrated modelling platforms and decision–support systems can significantly contribute to the development and implementation of improved water/land-management practices.

Funder

Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology

Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro) associated laboratory

Publisher

MDPI AG

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