The Usefulness of the CHA2DS2-VASc Score to Predict Outcomes in Patients with Infective Endocarditis

Abstract

Introduction: Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, infective endocarditis (IE) is still associated with high mortality rates. Currently, there are no good prognostic tools for the risk assessment of patients with IE. The CHA2DS2-VASc score, used to estimate the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF), has been shown to be a powerful predictor of stroke and death in patients without known AF associated with other cardiovascular conditions. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the CHA2DS2-VASc score as a prognostic tool in a population of patients with IE. Methods: The Rabin Medical Center Endocarditis Team (RMCET) registry is a retrospective cohort of all patients evaluated at our center due to acute or sub-acute bacterial endocarditis. The CHA2DS2-VASc score was extracted for all patients. All-cause mortality was depicted for all patients. Results: The cohort included 330 patients with a mean age of 65.2 ± 14.7 years (70% men). During a median follow-up of 24 months [IQR 4.7–48.6], 121 (36.7%) patients died. The median CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3, and any score above 2 was associated with increased overall mortality (50.8% vs. 19.9%, p < 0.001). A multivariate model incorporating important confounders not included in the CHA2DS2-VASc model showed consistent results with a risk increase of 121% for the higher CHA2DS2-VASc score groups (HR 2.21 [CI 1.12–4.39], p = 0.023). Conclusions: IE currently has no good risk stratification models for clinical practice. The CHA2DS2-VASc score might serve as a simple and available tool to stratify risk among patients with IE.