Affiliation:
1. Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis, 1050 Wishard Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
Abstract
The thyroid gland produces hormones that are essential for various body functions. Hypothyroidism is defined as insufficient thyroid hormone production. Several studies have found associations between specific micronutrients and overall thyroid function; however, the amount of evidence regarding the relationship between dietary patterns and hypothyroidism among the U.S. population is limited. Data from three cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2007–2008, 2009–2010, and 2011–2012, were used (n = 8317). Subjects with serum thyroid stimulating hormone >4.5 mIU/L or on levothyroxine were considered to have hypothyroidism. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and several lifestyle factors were considered as covariates. Three patterns were extracted using factor analysis. These were labeled as fat–processed grains–sugars–meats (FPSM), oils–nuts–potatoes–low-fat meats (ONPL), and fruits–whole grains–vegetables–dairy (FWVD) patterns. In a weighted multiple logistic regression, FPSM and ONPL were inversely associated with hypothyroidism (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57–1; p = 0.049 and OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67–0.97; p = 0.025, respectively). However, FWVD demonstrated no association with hypothyroidism (p = 0.63). In conclusion, FPSM and ONPL patterns but not FWVD patterns were associated with hypothyroidism in U.S. adults. Nutrient deficiencies and their interactions may be linked to hypothyroidism.
Subject
Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics
Reference71 articles.
1. Patil, N., Rehman, A., and Jialal, I. (2022). StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing.
2. Hypothyroidism in Context: Where We’ve Been and Where We’re Going;Chiovato;Adv. Ther.,2019
3. Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Diabetic Complications;Mehalingam;J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care,2020
4. Hypothyroidism;Chaker;Lancet,2017
5. (2022, December 12). Hypothyroidism|American Thyroid Association. Available online: https://www.thyroid.org/hypothyroidism/.