The Neuroprotective Role of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Wild) Supplementation in Hippocampal Morphology and Memory of Adolescent Stressed Rats

Author:

Terreros Gonzalo12,Pérez Miguel Ángel3,Muñoz-LLancao Pablo4,D’Espessailles Amanda1ORCID,Martínez Enrique A.5,Dagnino-Subiabre Alexies26ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 8370993, Chile

2. Auditory and Cognition Center (AUCO), Santiago 8320000, Chile

3. Health Sciences School, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2580022, Chile

4. Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA

5. Foyer de Charité de Provence, 13410 Lambesc, France

6. Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile

Abstract

Brain physiology and morphology are vulnerable to chronic stress, impacting cognitive performance and behavior. However, functional compounds found in food may alleviate these alterations. White quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Wild) seeds contain a high content of n-3 fatty acids, including alpha-linolenic acid. This study aimed to evaluate the potential neuroprotective role of a quinoa-based functional food (QFF) in rats. Prepubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with rat chow or QFF (50% rat chow + 50% dehydrated quinoa seeds) and exposed or not to restraint stress protocol (2 h/day; 15 days). Four experimental groups were used: Non-stressed (rat chow), Non-stressed + QFF, Stressed (rat chow) and Stressed + QFF. Weight gain, locomotor activity (open field), anxiety (elevated plus maze, light-dark box), spatial memory (Y-maze), and dendritic length in the hippocampus were measured in all animals. QFF intake did not influence anxiety-like behaviors, while the memory of stressed rats fed with QFF improved compared to those fed with rat chow. Additionally, QFF intake mitigated the stress-induced dendritic atrophy in pyramidal neurons located in the CA3 area of the hippocampus. The results suggest that a quinoa-supplemented diet could play a protective role in the memory of chronically stressed rats.

Funder

FONDECYT Regular

Anillo de Ciencia y Tecnología

Health Sciences School, Universidad Viña del Mar grant

Publisher

MDPI AG

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