Molecular Interaction and Magnetic Dipole Effects on Fully Developed Nanofluid Flowing via a Vertical Duct Applying Finite Volume Methodology

Abstract

Interpreting the complex interaction of nanostructured fluid flow with a dipole in a duct, with peripherally uniform temperature distribution, is the main focus of the current work. This paper also sheds light on the changes in the Nusselt number, temperature profiles, and velocity distributions for the fully developed nanofluid flow in a vertical rectangular duct due to a dipole placed near a corner of the duct. A finite volume approach has been incorporated for the numerical study of the problem. It is interesting to note the unusually lower values of the Nusselt number for the higher values of the ratio Gr/Re. Due to the nanostructure in the fluid, an enhancement in the Nusselt number has been noted, which is strongly supported by the magnetic field caused by the dipole. However, as the duct shape is transformed from rectangular to square, the Nusselt number is reduced remarkably. Further, as the dipole is brought nearer to the duct corner, the Nusselt number increases significantly. On the other hand, the flow reversal in the middle of the duct has been noted at higher values of the ratio Gr/Re. The dipole is noted to have a low impact on the reversal flow as well as on the temperature distribution.