Downscaling Climatic Variables at a River Basin Scale: Statistical Validation and Ensemble Projection under Climate Change Scenarios

Author:

El-Samra Renalda1ORCID,Haddad Abeer2,Alameddine Ibrahim2,Bou-Zeid Elie3ORCID,El-Fadel Mutasem14ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1514, Lebanon

2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut P.O.Box 11-0236, Lebanon

3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540W, USA

4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates

Abstract

Climatic statistical downscaling in arid and topographically complex river basins remains relatively lacking. To address this gap, climatic variables derived from a global climate model (GCM) ensemble were downscaled from a grid resolution of 2.5° × 2.5° down to the station level. For this purpose, a combination of multiple linear and logistic regressions was developed, calibrated and validated with regard to their predictions of monthly precipitation and daily temperature in the Jordan River Basin. Seasonal standardized predictors were selected using a backward stepwise regression. The validated models were used to examine future scenarios based on GCM simulations under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for the period 2006–2050. The results showed a cumulative near-surface air temperature increase of 1.54 °C and 2.11 °C and a cumulative precipitation decrease of 100 mm and 135 mm under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, by 2050. This pattern will inevitably add stress to water resources, increasing management challenges in the semi-arid to arid regions of the basin. Moreover, the current application highlights the potential of adopting regression-based models to downscale GCM predictions and inform future water resources management in poorly monitored arid regions at the river basin scale.

Funder

Saint Joseph University of Beirut

Publisher

MDPI AG

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