Comparison of Phenotype and Genotype Virulence and Antimicrobial Factors of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolated from Human Milk

Author:

Pławińska-Czarnak Joanna1ORCID,Wódz Karolina2ORCID,Guzowska Magdalena3ORCID,Rosiak Elżbieta4ORCID,Nowak Tomasz2,Strzałkowska Zuzanna1,Kwieciński Adam2,Kwieciński Piotr2,Anusz Krzysztof1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland

2. Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab Brudzew, ul. Turkowska 58c, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland

3. Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland

4. Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland

Abstract

Salmonella is a common foodborne infection. Many serovars belonging to Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica are present in the gut of various animal species. They can cause infection in human infants via breast milk or cross-contamination with powdered milk. In the present study, Salmonella BO was isolated from human milk in accordance with ISO 6579-1:2017 standards and sequenced using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), followed by serosequencing and genotyping. The results also allowed its pathogenicity to be predicted. The WGS results were compared with the bacterial phenotype. The isolated strain was found to be Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium 4:i:1,2_69M (S. Typhimurium 69M); it showed a very close similarity to S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2. Bioinformatics sequence analysis detected eleven SPIs (SPI-1, SPI-2, SPI-3, SPI-4, SPI-5, SPI-9, SPI-12, SPI-13, SPI-14, C63PI, CS54_island). Significant changes in gene sequences were noted, causing frameshift mutations in yeiG, rfbP, fumA, yeaL, ybeU (insertion) and lpfD, avrA, ratB, yacH (deletion). The sequences of several proteins were significantly different from those coded in the reference genome; their three-dimensional structure was predicted and compared with reference proteins. Our findings indicate the presence of a number of antimicrobial resistance genes that do not directly imply an antibiotic resistance phenotype.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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