Intracellular Membrane Transport in Vascular Endothelial Cells

Author:

Mironov Alexander A.1ORCID,Mironov Anna2,Sanavio Barbara3ORCID,Krol Silke45,Beznoussenko Galina V.1

Affiliation:

1. The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy

2. Sacco Hospital, Universita degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy

3. Nanomedicine Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, c/o AMADEOLAB, 20133 Milan, Italy

4. Encytos BV, 7511 JE Enschede, The Netherlands

5. MESA+ Laboratory, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands

Abstract

The main component of blood and lymphatic vessels is the endothelium covering their luminal surface. It plays a significant role in many cardiovascular diseases. Tremendous progress has been made in deciphering of molecular mechanisms involved into intracellular transport. However, molecular machines are mostly characterized in vitro. It is important to adapt this knowledge to the situation existing in tissues and organs. Moreover, contradictions have accumulated within the field related to the function of endothelial cells (ECs) and their trans-endothelial pathways. This has induced necessity for the re-evaluation of several mechanisms related to the function of vascular ECs and intracellular transport and transcytosis there. Here, we analyze available data related to intracellular transport within ECs and re-examine several hypotheses about the role of different mechanisms in transcytosis across ECs. We propose a new classification of vascular endothelium and hypotheses related to the functional role of caveolae and mechanisms of lipid transport through ECs.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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