1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
2. Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
3. Microbiology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
4. Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
5. University Diabetes Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
6. Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Centre for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
7. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
8. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada