Serum Androgen Metabolites Correlate with Clinical Variables in African and European American Men with Localized, Therapy Naïve Prostate Cancer

Abstract

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone (T), which mediate androgen receptor nuclear translocation and target gene transcription, are crucial androgens and essential molecular triggers required for the proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Therefore, androgen metabolism is commonly targeted in the treatment of prostate cancer. Using a high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay with tandem mass spectral detection, we determined the serum levels of metabolites produced during DHT/T biosynthesis in African American (AA) and European American (EA) men with localized, therapy naïve prostate cancer. Serum progesterone and related metabolites were significantly lower in AA men than in EA men, and these differences were associated with rapid disease progression. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences between a subset of intermediate androgen metabolites between AA and EA men and between men with <=3 + 4 and >=4 + 3 Gleason score disease. AA men have a significantly higher frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP11B1 and CYP11B2, enzymes that regulate corticosterone-aldosterone conversion. Finally, higher levels of T and pregnenolone were associated with a lower risk of progression-free survival only in AA men. This work provides new insight into androgen metabolism and racial disparities in prostate cancer by presenting evidence of dysregulated androgen biosynthesis in therapy naïve disease that correlates with clinical variables.