Modulation of MicroRNAs and Exosomal MicroRNAs after Dietary Interventions for Obesity and Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review

Author:

Hernández-Gómez Karla G.1,Avila-Nava Azalia2,González-Salazar Luis E.3,Noriega Lilia G.1ORCID,Serralde-Zúñiga Aurora E.3ORCID,Guizar-Heredia Rocio1,Medina-Vera Isabel45ORCID,Gutiérrez-Solis Ana Ligia2,Torres Nimbe1ORCID,Tovar Armando R.1ORCID,Guevara-Cruz Martha15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico

2. Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, Mérida 97130, Mexico

3. Servicio de Nutriología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico

4. Departamento de Metodología de la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico

5. Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 14380 Mexico City, Mexico

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length. Their main function is to regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by inhibiting the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs originate in the cell nucleus from specific genes, where they can perform their function. However, they can also be found in serum, plasma, or other body fluids travelling within vesicles called exosomes and/or bound to proteins or other particles such as lipoproteins. miRNAs can form complexes outside the cell where they are synthesized, mediating paracrine and endocrine communication between different tissues. In this way, they can modulate the gene expression and function of distal cells. It is known that the expression of miRNAs can be affected by multiple factors, such as the nutritional or pathological state of the individual, or even in conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, or after any dietary intervention. In this review, we will analyse miRNAs whose expression and circulation are affected in conditions of obesity and insulin resistance, as well as the changes generated after a dietary intervention, with the purpose of identifying new possible biomarkers of early response to nutritional treatment in these conditions.

Funder

Convocatoria 2023 para el fondo de apoyo a proyectos de investigación en el campo de la salud del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

CONACYT

Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Molecular Biology,Biochemistry,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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