Multifunctional Peptides from Spanish Dry-Cured Pork Ham: Endothelial Responses and Molecular Modeling Studies

Abstract

Food peptides contain a very wide range of diversified structures, which explains their diverse range of functional activities. Proatherogenic endothelium is related to vasoconstriction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In this line, four synthetic bioactive peptides from dry-cured pork ham, previously identified according to their Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory capacity and high bioavailability, were tested. Among them, KPVAAP displayed an estimated IC50 of 59.22 µM for human ACE inhibition, and docking simulations demonstrated the consistency of the noncompetitive binding with the protein. The addition of synthetic peptides to human endothelial cells significantly prevents the expression of genes related to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation (eNOS, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6) and lowers NF-κB activation (all p < 0.05). In silico dockings showed that the four bioactive peptides interact with the regulatory subunit NEMO of the NF-κB transcription factor at the same site as other characterized inhibitors (CC2-LZ region). This is the first study linking experimental and computational approaches that shows NF-κB to be the target of biopeptides of food origin. These multifunctional peptides from dry-cured pork ham make them good candidates for further research into their therapeutic or preventive use to attenuate the inflammatory atherosclerotic process.