A Mini-Review of Antibiotic Resistance Drivers in Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants: Environmental Concentrations, Mechanism and Perspectives

Author:

Zhao Fuzheng123,Yu Qingmiao3,Zhang Xu-Xiang3

Affiliation:

1. School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China

2. Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China

3. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest challenges to public health and ecological safety in the 21st century. Urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs), as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), simultaneously contain a wide variety of chemical pollutants. The review introduces the actual concentration levels and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance drivers (ARDs) in UWTPs, including antibiotics, heavy metals, disinfectants, cosmetics and personal care products, non-antibiotic drugs, and microplastics. Moreover, this review emphasizes the importance of approaching the actual activated sludge environment in future research and proposes future directions.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Science Foundation for Young Scholars of Gansu Province

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Water Science and Technology,Aquatic Science,Geography, Planning and Development,Biochemistry

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