Solid-State Fermentation as Green Technology to Improve the Use of Plant Feedstuffs as Ingredients in Diets for European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles
Author:
Vieira Lúcia12, Filipe Diogo12ORCID, Amaral Diogo12ORCID, Magalhães Rui12ORCID, Martins Nicole12ORCID, Ferreira Marta3, Ozorio Rodrigo2, Salgado José4, Belo Isabel356, Oliva-Teles Aires12ORCID, Peres Helena12ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal 2. Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR-UP), 4050-123 Porto, Portugal 3. Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 4. Industrial Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering Group “BiotecnIA”, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain 5. LABBELS—Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 6. LABBELS—Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, 4704-553 Guimarães, Portugal
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the utilization by juvenile European sea bass of a SSFed PF mixture with Aspergillus niger CECT 2088. A 22-day digestibility and a 50-day growth trial were performed testing four diets, including 20 or 40% of an unfermented or SSFed PF mixture (rapeseed, soybean, rice bran, and sunflower seed meals, 25% each). SSF of the PF added cellulase and β-glucosidase activity to the diets. Mycotoxin contamination was not detected in any of the experimental diets except for residual levels of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol (100 and 600 times lower than that established by the European Commission Recommendation-2006/576/EC). In diets including 20% PF, SSF did not affect growth but increased apparent digestibility coefficients of protein and energy, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio. On the contrary, in diets including 40% PF, SSF decreased growth performance, feed intake, feed and protein efficiency, and diet digestibility. SSF decreased the intestinal amylase activity in the 40% SSFed diet, while total alkaline proteases decreased in the 20% and 40% SSFed diets. Hepatic amino acid catabolic enzyme activity was not modulated by SSF, and plasma total protein, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were similar among dietary treatments. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of moderate levels of the SSFed PF, up to 20%, improves the overall feed utilization efficiency without negatively impacting European sea bass growth performance. The replacement of PF with the SSFed PF mixture may contribute to reducing the environmental footprint of aquaculture production.
Subject
General Veterinary,Animal Science and Zoology
Reference85 articles.
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