Evaluation of Electrical Cardiometry for Measuring Cardiac Output and Derived Hemodynamic Variables in Comparison with Lithium Dilution in Anesthetized Dogs

Author:

Paranjape Vaidehi V.1ORCID,Garcia-Pereira Fernando L.2,Menciotti Giulio1ORCID,Saksena Siddharth3ORCID,Henao-Guerrero Natalia1,Ricco-Pereira Carolina H.4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA

2. Pet Urgent Response and Emergency, Jacksonville, FL 32256, USA

3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA

4. Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University-College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

Abstract

Numerous cardiac output (CO) technologies were developed to replace the ‘gold standard’ pulmonary artery thermodilution due to its invasiveness and the risks associated with it. Minimally invasive lithium dilution (LiD) shows excellent agreement with thermodilution and can be used as a reference standard in animals. This study evaluated CO via noninvasive electrical cardiometry (EC) and acquired hemodynamic variables against CO measured using LiD in six healthy, anesthetized dogs administered different treatments (dobutamine, esmolol, phenylephrine, and high-dose isoflurane) impacting CO values. These treatments were chosen to cause drastic variations in CO, so that fair comparisons between EC and LiD across a wide range of CO values (low, intermediate, and high) could be made. Statistical analysis included linear regression, Bland–Altman plots, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (ρc), and polar plots. Values of p < 0.05 represented significance. Good agreement was observed between EC and LiD, but consistent underestimation was noted when the CO values were high. The good trending ability, ρc of 0.88, and low percentage error of ±31% signified EC’s favorable performance. Other EC-acquired variables successfully tracked changes in CO measured using LiD. EC may be a pivotal hemodynamic tool for continuously monitoring circulatory changes, as well as guiding and treating cardiovascular anesthetic complications in clinical settings.

Funder

Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine-Veterinary Memorial Fund

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Veterinary,Animal Science and Zoology

Reference67 articles.

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