Building a Teleost Fish Traceability Program Based on Genetic Data from Pacific Panama Fish Markets
Author:
Díaz-Ferguson Edgardo1ORCID, Chial Magaly12ORCID, Gonzalez Maribel2ORCID, Muñoz Edgardo3ORCID, Chen Olga2ORCID, Durán Ovidio2, Vega Angel Javier14, Delgado Carlos Ramos12ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Coiba Scientific Station (COIBA AIP), Gustavo Lara Street, Bld. 145B, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama City 0843-01853, Panama 2. Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Panama, Panama City 0824-3366, Panama 3. Center of Marine Science and Limnology, Department of Marine Biology, University of Panama, Panama City 0824-01853, Panama 4. School of Biology, Regional Center, University of Panama, Santiago de Veraguas 0923-00125, Panama
Abstract
Fish tissue samples from 203 adult individuals were collected in the main ports and markets of the Pacific coast of Panama. Molecular identification based on a cytochrome oxidase I gene segment of all species was verified by GENBANK reference sequences. A total of 34 species from 14 families (Ariidae, Caranjidae, Centropomidae, Gerreidae, Haemulidae, Lobotidae, Lutjanidae, Malacanthidae, Mugilidae, Scianidae, Scombridae, Serranidae, Sphyraenidae, Stromateidae) were identified at the species level from 164 sequences. Additionally, three Caribbean species were molecularly identified among the analyzed samples (Mycteroperca xenarcha, Paralonchurus brasilensis and Lobotes surinamensis). Species diversity was slightly higher in the Gulf of Panama than in the Gulf of Chiriquí. For species with five or more individual sequences, genetic diversity and genetic connectivity parameters such as total number of haplotypes (H), haplotype diversity (Hd), and nucleotide diversity (π) were calculated. Overall, pelagic-migratory species showed higher values of genetic diversity than coastal and estuarine species with some exceptions. Connectivity between Gulf areas was compared using values of genetic distances and genetic differentiation (Fst). The high level of connectivity observed between the Gulf of Chiriqui and the Gulf of Montijo indicates the existence of a single stock in that area for the following species: Scomberomorus sierra, Caranx caninus and Lutjanus guttatus. The demographic history of the most common species was examined using Tajima’s D values, suggesting population expansion for two snapper species, L. peru and L. argentiventris, having significant and higher values. Another important contribution from this research was the production of primers and dual-labeled probes for environmental DNA detection using qPCR for the five most abundant species (spotted rose snapper, yellow snapper, green jack, Pacific crevalle jack and the Pacific sierra fish). These markers represent a new set of tools for environmental DNA (eDNA) detection and molecular traceability of three commercially important fish species along the supply chain including landing sites and markets of the main fishery areas.
Funder
Coiba Scientific Station VIP of the University of Panama
Subject
General Veterinary,Animal Science and Zoology
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