Innovative Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Quantification of Cholesterol

Abstract

The use of the Liebermann–Burchard reaction in this study has been explored in the development of a simple, reliable, and robust quantitative electrochemical method to assay cholesterol, and hence provide a good alternative to colorimetric methods. The optimization of batch mode operation for electrochemical oxidation of cholesterol in the Liebermann–Burchard reagents included the applied potential and acidic volume. Tested using chronoamperometry, the developed method showed a high sensitivity (14.959 μA mM−1) and low detection limit (19.78 nM) over a 0.025–3 mM concentration range, with remarkable linearity (R2 = 0.999), proving an analytical performance either higher or comparable to most of the cholesterol sensors discussed in literature. The influence of possible interfering bioactive agents, namely, glucose, uric acid, ascorbic acid, KCl and NaCl, has been evaluated with no or negligible effects on the measurement of cholesterol. Our study was directed at finding a new approach to chemical processing arising from the use of external potential as an additional level of control for chemical reactions and the transfer of electrons between surfaces and molecules. Finally, the optimized method was successfully applied for the determination of cholesterol content in real blood samples.