Barriers and Challenges Affecting Quality Education (Sustainable Development Goal #4) in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2030

Author:

Zickafoose Alexis1ORCID,Ilesanmi Olawunmi2,Diaz-Manrique Miguel2ORCID,Adeyemi Anjorin E.2ORCID,Walumbe Benard1,Strong Robert2ORCID,Wingenbach Gary2ORCID,Rodriguez Mary T.1,Dooley Kim2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Agricultural Communication, Education, and Leadership, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA

2. Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communications, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA

Abstract

Education is a fundamental human right and a crucial tool for sustainable human capacity development, which can advance the economic growth of a country. Yet for many children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), quality education remains out of reach. This study aimed to identify the barriers and challenges to enacting Sustainable Development Goal 4: “Ensuring Inclusive, Equitable, and Quality Education and the Promotion of Lifelong Learning Opportunities for All”. Through a content analysis of the relevant literature, we identified three themes: funding constraints, access and inclusion, and teacher education. Regarding funding, issues of resource allocation, technical capacity, and accountability were identified as primary factors requiring intervention strategies to become fully realized in SSA. When exploring access and inclusion, we found that incorporating students with disabilities, gender disparities, physical barriers, and inadequate curriculum are essential factors limiting quality education in SSA. Finally, teachers’ conditions and training emerged as crucial challenges to reach quality pedagogy. Some SSA countries have improved their efforts for quality education, but these barriers and challenges continue to impact education for all children. A new perspective on mitigating these impediments can address several factors responsible for the exclusion of diverse groups from accessing quality education in the SSA region.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference114 articles.

1. UN General Assembly (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UN.

2. UNESCO (1990). World Declaration on Education for All and Framework for Action to Meet Basic Learning Needs, UNESCO.

3. UNESCO (2015). A Growing Number of Children and Adolescents Are out of School as Aid Fails to Meet the Mark—World|ReliefWeb, UNESCO.

4. Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment as a Metrics towards SDGs Agenda 2030;Backes;Curr. Opin. Green Sustain. Chem.,2022

5. United Nations (2022, May 18). The 17 GOALS|Sustainable Development. Available online: https://sdgs.un.org/goals.

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