Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Ozone Pollution and Resultant Increased Human Health Risks in Central China

Author:

Tian Yuren1,Wang Yun2,Han Yan3,Che Hanxiong3,Qi Xin3,Xu Yuanqian4,Chen Yang3,Long Xin3,Wei Chong5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Zhongjin Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030000, China

2. Key Laboratory for Digital Land and Resources of Jiangxi Province, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China

3. Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China

4. College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China

5. Shanghai Carbon Data Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China

Abstract

The spatiotemporal characteristics of ozone pollution and increased human health risks in Central China were investigated using a long time series of ozone concentrations from 2014 to 2020. We found a gradual increase in ozone pollution, with the highest concentrations observed in the northeastern region. The spatial distribution of population density showed distinct patterns, with the northeastern and east-central regions coinciding with areas of high ozone concentrations. The study found an overall increasing trend in MDA8 ozone concentrations, with a regional average increase of 3.5 (μg m−3) per year, corresponding to a 4.4% annual increase. We observed a significant clustering of areas at a higher risk of premature mortality associated with long-term ozone exposure, particularly in the northeastern region. Estimated premature mortality due to ozone pollution in Central China between 2014 and 2020 shows an increasing trend from 2014 to 2019 and a decreasing trend in 2020 due to the occurrence of extreme ozone pollution and the subsequent recovery of ozone concentrations after the closures due to COVID-19. Premature mortality due to ozone exposure is affected by both ozone levels and the exposed population, with high correlation coefficients exceeding 0.95. The high total population (more than 220 million per year) and increasing ozone levels exacerbate the problem of premature mortality due to ozone pollution. This study improves our understanding of the impact of ozone pollution on human health and emphasizes the dynamic nature of ozone pollution and its impacts on human health over time. It underscores the need for further study and comprehensive action to mitigate these health risks.

Funder

Key Laboratory for Digital Land and Resources of Jiangxi Province, East China University of Technology

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Atmospheric Science,Environmental Science (miscellaneous)

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