Label-Free Sensing of Cell Viability Using a Low-Cost Impedance Cytometry Device

Abstract

Cell viability is an essential physiological status for drug screening. While cell staining is a conventional cell viability analysis method, dye staining is usually cytotoxic. Alternatively, impedance cytometry provides a straightforward and label-free sensing approach for the assessment of cell viability. A key element of impedance cytometry is its sensing electrodes. Most state-of-the-art electrodes are made of expensive metals, microfabricated by lithography, with a typical size of ten microns. In this work, we proposed a low-cost microfluidic impedance cytometry device with 100-micron wide indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes to achieve a comparable performance to the 10-micron wide Au electrodes. The effectiveness was experimentally verified as 7 μm beads can be distinguished from 10 μm beads. To the best of our knowledge, this is the lowest geometry ratio of the target to the sensing unit in the impedance cytometry technology. Furthermore, a cell viability test was performed on MCF-7 cells. The proposed double differential impedance cytometry device has successfully differentiated the living and dead MCF-7 cells with a throughput of ~1000 cells/s. The label-free and low-cost, high-throughput impedance cytometry could benefit drug screening, fundamental biological research and other biomedical applications.