Engineering Process Optimization and Quality Stability Control of High-Speed Laser Cladding Coatings Based on AHP-FCE

Abstract

Due to the rapid advancement in processing efficiency, high-speed laser cladding has demonstrated significant potential in the repair and protection of various substrates. In this study, we established a comprehensive evaluation model for the coating quality of Fe-Cr-Ni-based alloy with high-speed laser cladding using the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (AHP-FCE). The weights obtained through the analytic hierarchy process for forming quality, microstructure, and surface performance are as follows: WB1 = 0.1365, WB2 = 0.2385, and WB3 = 0.625, respectively. During the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation step, an evaluation level was graded while quantifying the level range through membership function judgment. By combining subjective and objective evaluations, qualitative issues were transformed into quantitative assessment methods. Through comprehensive evaluation analysis, it was concluded that the scanning speed of high-speed laser cladding had a greater impact on coating thickness compared to powder feeding speed while significantly enhancing microstructure densification. The overlap rate exerted the most influence on dilution rate homogenization of near-surface dendrites. Simultaneously, the optimal preparation technology was determined: laser power 660 W, scanning speed 14,400 mm/min, overlap rate/min. This study transforms multi-objective quality evaluation of high-speed laser cladding coatings into a single objective problem by realizing comprehensive quality quantification and providing a new method for quantitative evaluation and visualization of coating quality.