Comparative Study of Tribological Behavior of TiN Hard Coatings Deposited by Various PVD Deposition Techniques

Abstract

In this paper, we present a comparative study of tribological properties of TiN coatings deposited by low-voltage electron beam evaporation, magnetron sputtering and cathodic arc deposition. The correlation of tribological behavior of these coatings with their intrinsic properties and friction condition was studied. The influence of surface topography and the surrounding atmosphere was analyzed in more detail. We limited ourselves to the investigation of tribological processes that take place in the initial phase of the sliding test (the first 1000 cycles). A significant difference in the initial phase of the sliding test of three types of TiN coatings was observed. We found that nodular defects on the coating surface have an important role in this stage of the sliding test. The tribological response of TiN coatings, prepared by cathodic arc deposition, is also affected by the metal droplets on the coating surface, as well as those incorporated in the coating itself. Namely, the soft metal droplets increase the adhesion component of friction. The wear rates increased with the surface roughness of TiN coatings, the most for coatings prepared by cathodic arc deposition. The influences of post-polishing of the coating and the surrounding atmosphere were also investigated. The sliding tests on different types of TiN coatings were conducted in ambient air, oxygen and nitrogen. While oxygen promotes tribo-chemical reactions at the contact surface of the coating, nitrogen suppresses them. We found that the wear rate measured in ambient air, compared with that in an oxygen atmosphere, was lower. The difference is probably due to the influence of humidity in the ambient air. On the other hand, wear rates measured in a nitrogen atmosphere were much lower in comparison with those measured in an oxygen or ambient air atmosphere.