An Investigation into Electrodeposited Co−Ni−TiO2 Films with Improved Mechanical and Corrosion Properties

Abstract

This investigation proposes the use of sol-enhanced electrodeposition to create a range of Co−Ni−TiO2 films. The addition of TiO2 sol controls the nucleation process and the properties of the composite films by generating TiO2 nanoparticles in situ in the electrodeposition process. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential analyses revealed a relatively homogenous distribution with particle size in the range below 100 nm for the TiO2 nanoparticles produced. Microstructure, phase composition, hardness, friction, and corrosion resistance of Co−Ni−TiO2 films were thoroughly investigated in relation to TiO2 sol concentration. The results show that the addition of a limited content of TiO2 sol upgraded Co−Ni films by producing a Co−Ni−TiO2 film with a high dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles. On the other hand, too much TiO2 sol could cause agglomeration and hinder the metal deposition process, resulting in surface pores and the deterioration of film performance.