Silver and Silver Nanoparticles for the Potential Treatment of COVID-19: A Review
Author:
Arjun Phalalochanan Nair Jayapal, Sankar BipinORCID, Shankar Karthik V.ORCID, Kulkarni Naveen V.ORCID, Sivasankaran SubbarayanORCID, Shankar Balakrishnan
Abstract
COVID-19 is an epizootic and life-threatening outbreak affecting millions of people globally. Coronavirus variants have emerged in different locations since their origin. Silver and its compounds, including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), have been used in the medical field for a long period, especially in surgical treatments. The anti-microbial and anti-viral properties of silver are well documented. These properties depend on the size of the particles, concentration, precursor, method of preparation, and the presence of other benefiting compounds. Several experiments were conducted by researchers worldwide to prove the anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties of silver (Ag) and AgNPs, emphasizing that silver can be introduced to multiple organs in the human body and exhibit the expected antiviral characteristics. In this review article, use of silver nanoparticles to fight the COVID-19 pandemic according with the current information is discussed. The mechanisms involving antiviral activity and toxicity are discussed in detail. This article concludes that strong binding of AgNPs with SARS-CoV-2 virus prevents binding with the host cell, leading to the death of the virus. However, increased cytotoxic effect of the silver compounds at higher concentrations is a matter of concern.
Subject
Materials Chemistry,Surfaces, Coatings and Films,Surfaces and Interfaces
Reference143 articles.
1. Murarkar, S., Gothankar, J., Doke, P., Dhumale, G., Pore, P.D., Lalwani, S., Quraishi, S., Patil, R.S., Waghachavare, V., and Dhobale, R. (2021). Prevalence of the acute respiratory infections and associated factors in the rural areas and urban slum areas of western Maharashtra, India: A community-based cross-sectional study. Front. Public Health, 9. 2. Nair, H., Simões, E.A.F., Rudan, I., Gessner, B.D., Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Zhang, J.S.F., Feikin, D.R., Mackenzie, G.A., Moiïsi, J.C., and Roca, A. (2013). Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010: A systematic analysis. Lancet, 381. 3. Acter, T., Uddin, N., Das, J., Akhter, A., Choudhury, T.R., and Kim, S. (2020). Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A global health emergency. Sci. Total Environ., 730. 4. (2021, September 25). World Health Organization Website. Available online: https://covid19.who.int/. 5. AlSamman, M., Caggiula, A., Ganguli, S., Misak, M., and Pourmand, A. (2020). Non-respiratory presentations of COVID-19, a clinical review. Am. J. Emerg. Med., 38.
Cited by
11 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献
|
|