The Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Insulin Sensitivity and Weight Loss, Which Came First: The Chicken or the Egg?

Author:

Paoli Antonio12ORCID,Bianco Antonino3ORCID,Moro Tatiana1ORCID,Mota Joao Felipe45ORCID,Coelho-Ravagnani Christianne de Faria6

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35127 Padua, Italy

2. Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain

3. Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy

4. School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-080, Brazil

5. APC Microbiome Ireland, Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland

6. Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance-PENSARE, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Health (INISA), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil

Abstract

The ketogenic diet (KD) is, nowadays, considered an interesting nutritional approach for weight loss and improvement in insulin resistance. Nevertheless, most of the studies available in the literature do not allow a clear distinction between its effects on insulin sensitivity per se, and the effects of weight loss induced by KDs on insulin sensitivity. In this review, we discuss the scientific evidence on the direct and weight loss mediated effects of KDs on glycemic status in humans, describing the KD’s biochemical background and the underlying mechanisms.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics

Reference229 articles.

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3. Mechanisms of disease: Molecular and metabolic mechanisms of insulin resistance and beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes;Muoio;Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.,2008

4. Global epidemiology of prediabetes-present and future perspectives;Hostalek;Clin. Diabetes Endocrinol.,2019

5. Global epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC: Trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention;Huang;Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.,2021

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