4D Printing: A Methodical Approach to Product Development Using Smart Materials

Author:

Junk Stefan1,Einloth Henning1,Velten Dirk2

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Rapid Prototyping, Department of Business and Industrial Engineering, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Klosterstr. 14, 77723 Gengenbach, Germany

2. Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Badstr. 24, 77652 Offenburg, Germany

Abstract

In 4D printing, an additively manufactured component is given the ability to change its shape or function in an intended and useful manner over time. The technology of 4D printing is still in an early stage of development. Nevertheless, interesting research and initial applications exist in the literature. In this work, a novel methodical approach is presented that helps transfer existing 4D printing research results and knowledge into solving application tasks systematically. Moreover, two different smart materials are analyzed, used, and combined following the presented methodical approach to solving the given task in the form of recovering an object from a poorly accessible space. This is implemented by self-positioning, grabbing, and extracting the target object. The first smart material used to realize these tasks is a shape-memory polymer, while the second is a polymer-based magnetic composite. In addition to the presentation and detailed implementation of the methodical approach, the potentials and behavior of the two smart materials are further examined and narrowed down as a result of the investigation. The results show that the developed methodical approach contributes to moving 4D printing closer toward a viable alternative to existing technologies due to its problem-oriented nature.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,Control and Optimization,Mechanical Engineering,Computer Science (miscellaneous),Control and Systems Engineering

Reference33 articles.

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