Investigation of Dynamic Behavior and Process Stability at Turning of Thin-Walled Tubular Workpieces Made of 42CrMo4 Steel Alloy

Abstract

During machining, the surface of the machined materials is damaged and tool wear occurs, sometimes even to complete failure. Machining of thin-walled parts is generally cumbersome due to their low structural rigidity. The study deals with the effect of the feed rate and the thickness of the thin-walled part on the dynamic behavior and stability of the turning process during the roughing and finishing of thin-walled tubular workpieces made of steel alloy 42CrMo4. At the same time, the cutting forces and deformations of the workpiece were also evaluated via numerical and experimental approaches. The numerical study is based on a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) developed using the ABAQUS/Explicit frame. In the model, the workpiece material is governed by the behavior law of Johnson–Cook. Numerical and experimental results show that the cutting forces and the quality of the machined surface depend not only on the choice of cutting parameters but also on the dynamic behavior of thin-walled parts due to their low rigidity and low structural damping during the machining operation. Cutting forces are proportional to the feed rate and inversely proportional to the thickness of the part. Their variations around the average values are low for roughing tests where the wall-part thickness is higher or equal to 3.5 mm. However, these variations intensify for finishing tests where the wall thickness is less or equal to 1.5 mm. Indeed, the recorded FFT spectra for a finishing operation show several harmonics that occurred at around 550 Hz, and the amplitude of the peaks, which describes the level of power contained in the signals, shows an increase similar to that of the amplitudes of the temporal signal. The flexibility of the part generates instability in the cutting process, but the frequencies of the vibrations are higher than the frequency of rotation of the part.