Direct Anterior vs. Direct Lateral Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty for Displaced Femoral Neck Fracture

Abstract

Background: This study compared outcomes of the direct anterior approach (DAA) and direct lateral approach (DLA) for treating displaced femoral neck fractures in active elderly patients. Methods: This retrospective study included active elderly patients who sustained a displaced femoral neck fracture and underwent a cementless total hip arthroplasty either with a supine DAA or a decubitus DLA. Patients were assessed using the Harris hip score at discharge and at a 6-week follow-up. Results: A total of 41 women and 18 men were included in the study. Of those, 22 underwent DLA and 37 received DAA, all performed by the same team. In both groups, 69% were women, mean age was 70 years, and mean BMI was 25.2. Mean hemoglobin loss was 2.3 g/dl between admission and the first post-operative day in both groups. Similar numbers in each cohort were discharged home rather than to a rehabilitation center. The patients who underwent the DAA experienced a 2-day reduction in their hospital stay compared to the DLA group (4.2 ± 1.9 vs. 6.8 ± 3.7, respectively; p < 0.001). The Harris hip score in the DAA group was significantly higher at the 6-week follow-up than in the DLA group (87.23 ± 7.75 vs. 81.23 ± 7.67, respectively; p < 0.031). Conclusions: The patients who underwent THA with the DAA demonstrated better short term outcomes compared to the alternative approach for displaced femoral neck fractures in active elderly patients. DAA helped patients regain independence faster and might decrease hospitalization and rehabilitation costs. Based on these results, we recommend using the DAA for active elderly patients with a displaced femoral neck fracture.