Constraints on Phase Transitions in Neutron Star Matter

Author:

Brandes Len1ORCID,Weise Wolfram1

Affiliation:

1. Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85747 Garching, Germany

Abstract

Recent inference results of the sound velocity in the cores of neutron stars are summarized. Implications for the equation of state and the phase structure of highly compressed baryonic matter are discussed. In view of the strong constraints imposed by the heaviest known pulsars, the equation of state must be very stiff in order to ensure the stability of these extreme objects. This required stiffness limits the possible appearance of phase transitions in neutron star cores. For example, a Bayes factor analysis quantifies strong evidence for squared sound velocities cs2>0.1 in the cores of 2.1 solar-mass and lighter neutron stars. Only weak first-order phase transitions with a small phase coexistence density range Δρ/ρ<0.2 (at the 68% level) in a Maxwell construction still turn out to be possible within neutron stars. The central baryon densities in even the heaviest neutron stars do not exceed five times the density of normal nuclear matter. In view of these data-based constraints, much discussed issues such as the quest for a phase transition towards restored chiral symmetry and the active degrees of freedom in cold and dense baryonic matter, are reexamined.

Funder

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

National Natural Science Foundation of China

DFG Excellence Cluster ORIGINS

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous),General Mathematics,Chemistry (miscellaneous),Computer Science (miscellaneous)

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