The Perception System of Intelligent Ground Vehicles in All Weather Conditions: A Systematic Literature Review

Author:

Mohammed Abdul Sajeed,Amamou AliORCID,Ayevide Follivi Kloutse,Kelouwani Sousso,Agbossou KodjoORCID,Zioui Nadjet

Abstract

Perception is a vital part of driving. Every year, the loss in visibility due to snow, fog, and rain causes serious accidents worldwide. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the impact of weather conditions on perception performance while driving on highways and urban traffic in all weather conditions. The goal of this paper is to provide a survey of sensing technologies used to detect the surrounding environment and obstacles during driving maneuvers in different weather conditions. Firstly, some important historical milestones are presented. Secondly, the state-of-the-art automated driving applications (adaptive cruise control, pedestrian collision avoidance, etc.) are introduced with a focus on all-weather activity. Thirdly, the most involved sensor technologies (radar, lidar, ultrasonic, camera, and far-infrared) employed by automated driving applications are studied. Furthermore, the difference between the current and expected states of performance is determined by the use of spider charts. As a result, a fusion perspective is proposed that can fill gaps and increase the robustness of the perception system.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Biochemistry,Instrumentation,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics,Analytical Chemistry

Reference203 articles.

1. Real Time Monitoring Surveillance and Control of Road Networks under Adverse Weather Condition;El Faouzi,2010

2. SAE J3016: Levels of Driving Automation. S. Internationalhttps://www.sae.org/news/2019/01/sae-updates-j3016-automated-driving-graphic

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