Morphological and Genetic Assessment of Invasive Corbicula Lineages in Southern South America: A Case Study in Argentina

Author:

Hünicken Leandro A.123ORCID,Paolucci Esteban M.12ORCID,Lavinia Pablo D.145ORCID,Sylvester Francisco136

Affiliation:

1. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina

2. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina

3. Instituto Para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados (IEBI), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta A4408FVY, Argentina

4. Laboratorio de Investigación y Conservación de la Biodiversidad (UNRN-InCoBIO), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, RPNº1 y Rotonda de la Cooperación, Viedma R8500JCG, Argentina

5. CIT Río Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Viedma R8500JCG, Argentina

6. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Abstract

The broad global distribution of freshwater clams belonging to the genus Corbicula is driven by multiple hermaphroditic lineages. These lineages, characterized by shared morphological traits and phenotypic plasticity, pose challenges to morphological identification. Genetic markers, such as the mitochondrial COI gene, play a crucial role in delineating these lineages and their ranges. Morphotypes represent observed phenotypic variations, while lineages are defined based on genetic markers. Here, we comprehensively review Corbicula’s distribution in Argentina, discriminate extant lineages based on both morphological and genetic (COI) data, and describe variations in internal and external morphologies using 15 Argentine populations. Genetic analyses identified two mitochondrial lineages: the AR morphotype (FW5 haplotype) and CS morphotype (FW17 haplotype). Strikingly, despite having similar vectors, origins, and invasive stages, Corbicula lineages exhibit virtually segregated distributions. However, mitochondrial haplotypes are found in sympatry mainly in northeastern Argentina where individuals with intermediate morphotypes exist, suggesting the presence of hybrids due to maternal genome retention. These findings contribute to the clarification of the identity and distribution of Corbicula lineages in Argentina, where the genus has been found for over half a century. Similar studies are needed in other areas to better understand the invasion patterns of this successful and adaptable group.

Funder

Argentine Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica

National Scientific and Technical Research Council

Consejo de Investigación, Universidad Nacional de Salta

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council

University of Guelph

International Barcode of Lije project

Fondo iBOL Argentina

Publisher

MDPI AG

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