1. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2. Failure Mechanics and Engineering Disaster Prevention, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
3. Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
4. Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
5. College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
6. Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK