Filamentation of a Hollow Gaussian Beam in a Nonlinear Optical Medium

Abstract

This paper reports the filamentation of hollow Gaussian beams of the first, second, third, and fourth orders during propagation in a cubic and quintic nonlinear medium. Due to spatial modulation instability, the hollow Gaussian beams split to form either co-centric circular filaments or ultrashort pulses. It is found that the properties of the nonlinear medium used for propagation have a strong influence on certain characteristics of the formed filaments, such as peak intensity and pulse width. This correlation between the system parameters of the medium and filament characteristics represents a method for calculating the system parameters of the medium. This investigation can be helpful in the development of a hollow Gaussian beam-based artificial intelligence system that can be used to measure the system parameters of the studied nonlinear medium.