Affiliation:
1. Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
2. Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
Abstract
Although Toll-like receptors have been widely identified and functionally characterized in mammalian models and Drosophila, the immunological function of these receptors in other insects remains unclear. Here, we explored the relevant innate immune response of Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor) Toll-3 against Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungal infections. Our findings indicated that TmToll-3 expression was mainly induced by Candida albicans infections in the fat bodies, gut, Malpighian tubules, and hemolymph of young T. molitor larvae. Surprisingly, Escherichia coli systemic infection caused mortality after TmToll-3 knockdown via RNA interference (RNAi) injection, which was not observed in the control group. Further analyses indicated that in the absence of TmToll-3, the final effector of the Toll signaling pathway, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes and relevant transcription factors were significantly downregulated after E. coli challenge. Our results indicated that the expression of almost all AMP genes was suppressed in silenced individuals, whereas the expression of relevant genes was positively regulated after fungal injection. Therefore, this study revealed the immunological involvement of TmToll-3 in T. molitor in response to systematic infections.
Funder
Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning
Ministry of Education
Subject
Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis
Cited by
1 articles.
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1. Recent trends in insect gut immunity;Frontiers in Immunology;2023-12-18