Evaluation of Dietary Intake in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Abstract

The phase of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) holds significant importance for postponing the onset of dementia. Therefore, MCI has become a central focus in research related to dementia prevention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intake and dietary patterns of MCI patients in Taiwan. In total, 40 subjects were enrolled in this cross-sectional study that was conducted from July 2019 to September 2021 at the Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The results of the clinical dementia rating (CDR) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) were obtained from medical records. Participants were divided into two groups: a healthy group (MMSE ≥ 26 points, CDR = 0) and an MCI group (MMSE ≥ 26 points, CDR = 0.5). Results indicated that the MCI group had significantly higher copper and lower low-fat meat intake compared to the healthy group. Furthermore, the high MIND (Mediterranean dietary approaches to stop hypertension intervention for neurodegenerative delay) diet score represented a lower risk of MCI. After adjusting for age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and calorie intake in the multivariate regression analysis, calcium and fruit intake levels were positively associated with the MMSE, whereas low-fat meat intake was negatively associated with the CDR. In conclusion, the prevalence of MCI demonstrated a close correlation with nutrient intake, including copper and calcium. Furthermore, a MIND diet, particularly one high in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, might be useful for preventing MCI. However, more extensive research with larger populations is needed to confirm this potential.