Volumetric Changes of the Paranasal Sinuses with Age: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: There are four pairs of paranasal sinuses: maxillary, ethmoidal, frontal, and sphenoidal. It is common to see changes in size and shape throughout life, so understanding the effect of age on sinus volume can help in radiographic studies and in planning dental and surgical procedures in the sinus–nasal region. The aim of the present systematic review was to perform a qualitative synthesis of available studies which assess the volumetric characteristics of the sinuses and their changes according to age. Materials and Methods: The present review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A systematic advanced electronic search was performed in five databases (Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Lilacs) in June–July 2022. Studies that assessed the volumetric changes of paranasal sinuses with age were eligible for inclusion. A qualitative synthesis of the methodology and results of the included studies was performed. Quality assessment was performed using the NIH quality assessment tool. Results: A total of 38 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most authors who studied the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses concluded that it begins its development from birth until the maximum peak of growth, from which it begins to decrease in volume with age. Results regarding the volumetric changes of the frontal and sphenoidal sinuses are mixed. Conclusions: Based on the results of the studies included in the present review, it can be concluded that the volume of the maxillary and ethmoidal sinus appears to decrease with age. Conclusions on the volumetric changes of the sphenoidal and frontal sinuses require further evidence.