Development of Antibodies to Ustekinumab Is Associated with Loss of Response in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

Monitoring of anti-drug antibodies in patients on ustekinumab is not routinely recommended in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to low rates of immunogenicity. Aim of study: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anti-drug antibodies detected by a drug-tolerant assay and loss of response (LOR) to therapy in a cohort of patients with IBD being treated with ustekinumab. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study consecutively enrolled all adult patients with moderate to severe active IBD who had at least 2 years of follow-up after ustekinumab was initiated. LOR was defined as CDAI > 220 or HBI > 4 for Crohn’s disease (CD) and partial Mayo subscore > 3 for ulcerative colitis (UC) and with a modification in disease management. Results: Ninety patients were included (78 CD and 12 UC; mean age 37 years). Median levels of anti-ustekinumab antibodies (ATU) were significantly higher in patients with LOR compared to those with ongoing clinical response (15.2 µg/mL-eq CI (7.9–21.5) and 4.7 µg/mL-eq CI (2.1–10.5), respectively; p = 0.04). The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) for ATU in predicting LOR was 0.76. The optimal cut-off point for identifying patients with LOR was 9.5 µg/mL-eq with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 85%. Uni- and multivariate analyses showed that serum ATU ≥ 9.5 µg/mL-eq (hazard ratio (HR) 2.54, 95%CI (1.80–5.93)), p = 0.022, prior vedolizumab (HR 2.78, 95%CI (1.09–3.34), p = 0.019) and prior azathioprine (HR 0.54, 95%CI (0.20–0.76), p = 0.014) exposures were the only factors independently associated with LOR to UST. Conclusion: In our real-life cohort, ATU was identified as an independent predictor of LOR to ustekinumab in patients with IBD.