Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Tricuspid Valve Development and Disease

Author:

Salerno Nadia1,Panuccio Giuseppe2,Sabatino Jolanda1ORCID,Leo Isabella1ORCID,Torella Michele3,Sorrentino Sabato2,De Rosa Salvatore2ORCID,Torella Daniele1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

2. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

3. Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy

Abstract

Tricuspid valve (TV) disease is highly prevalent in the general population. For ages considered “the forgotten valve” because of the predominant interest in left-side valve disease, the TV has now received significant attention in recent years, with significant improvement both in diagnosis and in management of tricuspid disease. TV is characterized by complex anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology, in which the right ventricle plays a fundamental role. Comprehensive knowledge of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying TV development, TV disease, and tricuspid regurgitation-related right-ventricle cardiomyopathy is necessary to enhance TV disease understanding to improve the ability to risk stratify TR patients, while also predicting valve dysfunction and/or response to tricuspid regurgitation treatment. Scientific efforts are still needed to eventually decipher the complete picture describing the etiopathogenesis of TV and TV-associated cardiomyopathy, and future advances to this aim may be achieved by combining emerging diagnostic imaging modalities with molecular and cellular studies. Overall, basic science studies could help to streamline a new coherent hypothesis underlying both the development of TV during embryogenesis and TV-associated disease and its complications in adult life, providing the conceptual basis for the ultimate and innovative field of valve repair and regeneration using tissue-engineered heart valves.

Funder

European Union

Italian Ministry of Health

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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