Porous Nb2O5 Nanofibers Prepared via Reactive Needle-Less Electrospinning for Application in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Author:

Shepa Ivan1ORCID,Mudra Erika1,Capkova Dominika23ORCID,Kovalcikova Alexandra1,Petrus Ondrej1ORCID,Kromka Frantisek1,Milkovic Ondrej1,Antal Vitaliy4,Balaz Matej5ORCID,Lisnichuk Maksym16ORCID,Marcin-Behunova Dominika5ORCID,Zalka Dóra16ORCID,Dusza Jan1

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia

2. Department of Physical Chemistry, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia

3. Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland

4. Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia

5. Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 45, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia

6. Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Kosice, Park Angelinum 9, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia

Abstract

This contribution describes the preparation, coupled with detailed characterization, of Nb2O5 nanofibers and their application in lithium–sulfur batteries for the improvement of electrochemical performance. The utilization of reactive needle-less electrospinning allowed us to obtain, in a single step, amorphous pre-ceramic composite PAN/Nb2O5 fibers, which were transformed into porous ceramic Nb2O5 nanofibers via calcination. Thermogravimetric studies defined that calcination at 600 °C results in crystalline ceramic fibers without carbon residues. The fibrous morphology and mean diameter (614 ± 100 nm) of the ceramic nanofibers were analyzed via scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A surface area of 7.472 m2/g was determined through nitrogen adsorption measurements, while a combination of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy was used to show the crystallinity and composition of the fibers after calcination—single T-phase Nb2O5. Its performance in the cathode of lithium–sulfur batteries was defined through electrochemical tests, and the obtained results were compared to a similar blank electrode. The initial discharge capacity of 0.5 C reached a value of 570 mAh∙g−1, while the reversible capacity of 406 mAh∙g−1 was retained after 200 cycles, representing a capacity retention of 71.3%. The presence of Nb2O5 nanofibers in the carbon cathode inhibits the shuttle effect through polysulphide confinement, which originates from porosity and chemical trapping.

Funder

Ministry of Defence of the Slovak Republic

Operational Programme Integrated Infrastructure

European Regional Development Fund

Operational Program Research and Development

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry

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