Relation between Shear Stresses and Flexural Tensile Stresses from Standardized Tests of Extracted Prismatic Specimens of an SFRC Bridge Girder

Abstract

Experimental research on the direct shear behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete is often carried out using prisms molded with specific dimensions for a standardized test. However, the flow of fresh concrete in these molds can be different than in the case of a full-scale structural element. This is important considering that the flow direction highly influences the distribution and orientation of fibers. In addition, most of the studies did not relate their shear results to other mechanical properties. In contrast, this study attempted to deepen the experimental knowledge of the crack propagation of a steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) used in a full-scale prototype of a bridge box girder built in the laboratory. Prismatic specimens were sawn from webs and top flanges of this prototype. Serving as references, additional specimens were molded in wooden boxes. In a previous study of our research group, both had been tested under a three-point notched bending configuration maintaining test conditions proportional to the EN14651 specifications. From each of the previously flexurally tested specimens, two prismatic specimens suitable for the Fédération Internationale de la Précontrainte (FIP) shear test setup were extracted by adopting a cutting methodology that avoided the damage induced by the flexural tests to be part of the FIP specimens. These FIP specimens were tested in almost pure shear loading conditions for assessing the performance of SFRC. Computer tomography images and photos of the shear failure faces were used to determine the distribution and density of fibers. The results demonstrated that the peak loads were proportional to the fiber density at the shear failure section. Assuming that the SFRC conditions of the webs were representative of a common batching procedure in the construction industry, the results from the tests in specimens extracted from these webs were adopted to establish shear stress/flexural tensile stress ratios vs. crack mouth opening displacement curves. The curves belonging to cross-sections of a similar fiber density in the shear and flexural cases allowed for the proposal of a normalized crack-dilatancy relation composed of three stages of the crack propagation. In addition, a trilinear crack width–slip relation was established using the same set of specimens. The relevancy of this proposal is that the shear response can be estimated from a widely accepted standardized flexural test, which demands a simpler instrumentation and is also easier to execute than the shear setup.