Postprandial Blood Pressure Decrease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Mild or Severe Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction

Abstract

Background Few reports have evaluated the relationship between changes in postprandial blood pressure and the severity of autonomic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. This was a cross-sectional study designed to investigate postprandial blood pressure changes in individuals without type 2 diabetes and patients with type 2 diabetes and mild or severe cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Methods Forty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 20 individuals without type 2 diabetes participated in this study. Fifty-two participants underwent a meal tolerance test. Blood pressure (brachial systolic blood pressure (bSBP) and central systolic blood pressure (cSBP)), electrocardiogram recordings, and blood samples were assessed before and after meal ingestion. Patients with diabetes were divided into two groups based on their coefficient of variation of R–R intervals (CVRR): a normal or mildly dysfunctional group (mild group, CVRR ≥ 2%; n = 20) and a severely dysfunctional group (severe group, CVRR < 2%; n = 15). Results In the control group, bSBP and cSBP did not significantly change after meal ingestion, whereas both decreased significantly at 60 min after meal ingestion in the mild and severe groups. While blood pressure recovered at 120 min after meal ingestion in the mild group, a significant decrease in blood pressure persisted at 120 min after meal ingestion in the severe group. Conclusions Based on these results, adequate clinical attention should be paid to the risk of serious events related to postprandial decreases in blood pressure, particularly in patients with diabetes and severe cardiac autonomic dysfunction.