Acute Toxicity of Divalent Mercury Ion to Anguilla japonica from Seawater and Freshwater Aquaculture and Its Effects on Tissue Structure

Abstract

The acute toxicity of divalent mercury ion to Anguilla japonica from seawater and freshwater aquaculture was assessed. In particular, the effects of toxicity on the microstructures of the gill and liver tissues were examined using the hydrostatic method, without feeding, at a water temperature of 20 °C. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of divalent mercury ion to fishes in seawater and freshwater over various durations were: 24 h = 1.637 and 1.428 mg/L; 48 h = 1.562 and 1.377 mg/L; 72 h = 1.530 and 1.284 mg/L; and 96 h = 1.442 and 1.228 mg/L. The safety mass concentrations were 0.1442 and 0.01228 mg/L, respectively. After exposure to divalent mercury ion, adhesion between the gill lamellae and massive cellular disintegration and necrotic shedding were observed in the gill tissue sections. The liver tissues underwent hyperemia and swelling, with the appearance of blood spots, swelling of the hepatocyte mitochondria, dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and intercellular inflation.