Plasma Metabolite Profiling in the Search for Early-Stage Biomarkers for Lung Cancer: Some Important Breakthroughs

Author:

Meynen Jill1ORCID,Adriaensens Peter2ORCID,Criel Maarten13ORCID,Louis Evelyne4,Vanhove Karolien145ORCID,Thomeer Michiel3ORCID,Mesotten Liesbet16,Derveaux Elien2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium

2. Applied and Analytical Chemistry, NMR Group, Institute for Materials Research (Imo-Imomec), Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium

3. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Synaps Park 1, B-3600 Genk, Belgium

4. Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

5. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Vesalius, Hazelereik 51, B-3700 Tongeren, Belgium

6. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Synaps Park 1, B-3600 Genk, Belgium

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In order to improve its overall survival, early diagnosis is required. Since current screening methods still face some pitfalls, such as high false positive rates for low-dose computed tomography, researchers are still looking for early biomarkers to complement existing screening techniques in order to provide a safe, faster, and more accurate diagnosis. Biomarkers are biological molecules found in body fluids, such as plasma, that can be used to diagnose a condition or disease. Metabolomics has already been shown to be a powerful tool in the search for cancer biomarkers since cancer cells are characterized by impaired metabolism, resulting in an adapted plasma metabolite profile. The metabolite profile can be determined using nuclear magnetic resonance, or NMR. Although metabolomics and NMR metabolite profiling of blood plasma are still under investigation, there is already evidence for its potential for early-stage lung cancer diagnosis, therapy response, and follow-up monitoring. This review highlights some key breakthroughs in this research field, where the most significant biomarkers will be discussed in relation to their metabolic pathways and in light of the altered cancer metabolism.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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