Abstract
Groundwater contamination caused by the use of the aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was investigated in southern Sweden. ΣPFAS concentrations in groundwater ranged between 20 and 20,000 ng L−1; PFAS composition was primarily represented by PFOS and PFHxS. The PFAS chain length was suggested to have an impact on the contaminant distribution and transport in the groundwater. PFAS profiling showed that the use of PFSAs- and PFCAs/FTSAs-based PFAS-AFFF can be a contributor to PFAS contamination of the drinking water source (groundwater). PFAS emission was connected to PFAS-AFFF use during the fire-training and fire-fighting equipment tests at the studied location. PFAS emission per individual fire training was (semi-quantitatively) estimated as [1.4 < 11.5 ± 5.7 < 43.7 kg] (n = 20,000). The annual emission estimates varied as [11 < 401 ± 233 < 1125 kg yr−1] (n = 1005) considering possible [2 < 35 ± 20 < 96] individual fire-training sessions per year.
Funder
Åke och Greta Lissheds Foundation
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Lund University
Subject
Water Science and Technology,Aquatic Science,Geography, Planning and Development,Biochemistry
Reference52 articles.
1. The precautionary principle and chemicals management: The example of perfluoroalkyl acids in groundwater;Cousins;Environ. Int.,2016
2. 512. Perfluoroalkyl derivatives of sulphur. Part VI. Perfluoroalkanesulphonic acids CF3·[CF2]·SO3H (n = 1–7);Gramstad;J. Chem. Soc.,1957
3. Kissa, E. (2001). Fluorinated Surfactants and Repellents, Marcel Dekker.
4. Kleiner, E., and Jho, C. (2009, January 6–7). Recent developments in 6: 2 fluorotelomer surfactants and fosam stabilizers. Proceedings of the 4th Reebok Foam Seminar, Bolton, UK.
5. Biogeochemical assessment of natural attenuation of JP-4 contaminated ground water in the presence of fluorinated surfactants;Levine;Sci. Total Environ.,1998
Cited by
4 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献