Biogas and Syngas Production from Sewage Sludge: A Sustainable Source of Energy Generation

Author:

Enebe Nwabunwanne Lilian1,Chigor Chinyere Blessing2,Obileke KeChrist3,Lawal Mohammed Shariff4,Enebe Matthew Chekwube5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics with Electronics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Nigerian Air Force Base, Rafin Kura, Kaduna 800283, Nigeria

2. Department of Plant Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria

3. Department of Physics, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa

4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Nigerian Air Force Base, Rafin Kura, Kaduna 800283, Nigeria

5. Centre for Mineral Biogeochemistry, University of the Free State, Private Bag 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa

Abstract

Sewage sludge to energy conversion is a sustainable waste management technique and a means of militating against the environmental concerns associated with its disposal. Amongst the various conversion technologies, anaerobic digestion and gasification have been identified as the two most promising. Therefore, this study is focused on a detailed evaluation of the anaerobic digestion and gasification of sewage sludge for energy production. Moreover, the key challenges hindering both technologies are discussed, as well as the practical measures for addressing them. The applicable pretreatment measures for efficient transformation into valuable energy vectors were further evaluated. Specifically, the study evaluated various properties of sewage sludge in relation to gasification and anaerobic digestion. The findings showed that a high ash content in sewage sludge results in sintering and agglomeration, while a high moisture content promotes tar formation, which has been identified as one of the key limitations of sewage sludge gasification. More importantly, the application of pretreatment has been shown to have some beneficial features in promoting organic matter decomposition/degradation, thereby enhancing biogas as well as syngas production. However, this has additional energy requirements and operational costs, particularly for thermal and mechanical methods.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Environmental Science

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